Package javax.mail.internet

Class InternetAddress

  • All Implemented Interfaces:
    java.io.Serializable, java.lang.Cloneable
    Direct Known Subclasses:
    IMAPAddress
    public class InternetAddress
extends Address
implements java.lang.Cloneable
    This class represents an Internet email address using the syntax of RFC822. Typical address syntax is of the form "user@host.domain" or "Personal Name <user@host.domain>".
    See Also:
    Serialized Form

    • Constructor Summary

      Constructors 
      Constructor Description
      InternetAddress()
      Default constructor.
      InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address)
      Constructor.
      InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address, boolean strict)
      Parse the given string and create an InternetAddress.
      InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address, java.lang.String personal)
      Construct an InternetAddress given the address and personal name.
      InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address, java.lang.String personal, java.lang.String charset)
      Construct an InternetAddress given the address and personal name.

    • Method Summary

      All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      (package private) static InternetAddress _getLocalAddress​(Session session)
      A package-private version of getLocalAddress that doesn't swallow the exception.
      private static void checkAddress​(java.lang.String addr, boolean routeAddr, boolean validate)
      Check that the address is a valid "mailbox" per RFC822.
      java.lang.Object clone()
      Return a copy of this InternetAddress object.
      boolean equals​(java.lang.Object a)
      The equality operator.
      java.lang.String getAddress()
      Get the email address.
      InternetAddress[] getGroup​(boolean strict)
      Return the members of a group address.
      static InternetAddress getLocalAddress​(Session session)
      Return an InternetAddress object representing the current user.
      private static java.lang.String getLocalHostName()
      Get the local host name from InetAddress and return it in a form suitable for use in an email address.
      java.lang.String getPersonal()
      Get the personal name.
      java.lang.String getType()
      Return the type of this address.
      int hashCode()
      Compute a hash code for the address.
      private static int indexOfAny​(java.lang.String s, java.lang.String any)
      Return the first index of any of the characters in "any" in "s", or -1 if none are found.
      private static int indexOfAny​(java.lang.String s, java.lang.String any, int start)  
      boolean isGroup()
      Indicates whether this address is an RFC 822 group address.
      private static boolean isInetAddressLiteral​(java.lang.String addr)
      Is the address an IPv4 or IPv6 address literal, which needs to be enclosed in "[]" in an email address? IPv4 literals contain decimal digits and dots, IPv6 literals contain hex digits, dots, and colons.
      private boolean isSimple()
      Is this a "simple" address? Simple addresses don't contain quotes or any RFC822 special characters other than '@' and '.'.
      private static int lengthOfFirstSegment​(java.lang.String s)  
      private static int lengthOfLastSegment​(java.lang.String s, int used)  
      static InternetAddress[] parse​(java.lang.String addresslist)
      Parse the given comma separated sequence of addresses into InternetAddress objects.
      static InternetAddress[] parse​(java.lang.String addresslist, boolean strict)
      Parse the given sequence of addresses into InternetAddress objects.
      private static InternetAddress[] parse​(java.lang.String s, boolean strict, boolean parseHdr)  
      static InternetAddress[] parseHeader​(java.lang.String addresslist, boolean strict)
      Parse the given sequence of addresses into InternetAddress objects.
      private static java.lang.String quotePhrase​(java.lang.String phrase)  
      void setAddress​(java.lang.String address)
      Set the email address.
      void setPersonal​(java.lang.String name)
      Set the personal name.
      void setPersonal​(java.lang.String name, java.lang.String charset)
      Set the personal name.
      java.lang.String toString()
      Convert this address into a RFC 822 / RFC 2047 encoded address.
      static java.lang.String toString​(Address[] addresses)
      Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings.
      static java.lang.String toString​(Address[] addresses, int used)
      Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings.
      java.lang.String toUnicodeString()
      Returns a properly formatted address (RFC 822 syntax) of Unicode characters.
      static java.lang.String toUnicodeString​(Address[] addresses)
      Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings.
      static java.lang.String toUnicodeString​(Address[] addresses, int used)
      Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings.
      private static java.lang.String unquote​(java.lang.String s)  
      void validate()
      Validate that this address conforms to the syntax rules of RFC 822.

      • Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

        finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

    • Field Detail

      • address

        protected java.lang.String address

      • personal

        protected java.lang.String personal
        The personal name.

      • encodedPersonal

        protected java.lang.String encodedPersonal
        The RFC 2047 encoded version of the personal name.

        This field and the personal field track each other, so if a subclass sets one of these fields directly, it should set the other to null, so that it is suitably recomputed.

      • ignoreBogusGroupName

        private static final boolean ignoreBogusGroupName

      • useCanonicalHostName

        private static final boolean useCanonicalHostName

      • allowUtf8

        private static final boolean allowUtf8

      • rfc822phrase

        private static final java.lang.String rfc822phrase

      • specialsNoDotNoAt

        private static final java.lang.String specialsNoDotNoAt
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    • Constructor Detail

      • InternetAddress

        public InternetAddress()
        Default constructor.

      • InternetAddress

        public InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address)
                throws AddressException
        Constructor.

        Parse the given string and create an InternetAddress. See the parse method for details of the parsing. The address is parsed using "strict" parsing. This constructor does not perform the additional syntax checks that the InternetAddress(String address, boolean strict) constructor does when strict is true. This constructor is equivalent to InternetAddress(address, false).

        Parameters:
        address - the address in RFC822 format
        Throws:
        AddressException - if the parse failed

      • InternetAddress

        public InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address,
                       boolean strict)
                throws AddressException
        Parse the given string and create an InternetAddress. If strict is false, the detailed syntax of the address isn't checked.
        Parameters:
        address - the address in RFC822 format
        strict - enforce RFC822 syntax
        Throws:
        AddressException - if the parse failed
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.3

      • InternetAddress

        public InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address,
                       java.lang.String personal)
                throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
        Construct an InternetAddress given the address and personal name. The address is assumed to be a syntactically valid RFC822 address.
        Parameters:
        address - the address in RFC822 format
        personal - the personal name
        Throws:
        java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the personal name can't be encoded in the given charset

      • InternetAddress

        public InternetAddress​(java.lang.String address,
                       java.lang.String personal,
                       java.lang.String charset)
                throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
        Construct an InternetAddress given the address and personal name. The address is assumed to be a syntactically valid RFC822 address.
        Parameters:
        address - the address in RFC822 format
        personal - the personal name
        charset - the MIME charset for the name
        Throws:
        java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the personal name can't be encoded in the given charset

    • Method Detail

      • clone

        public java.lang.Object clone()
        Return a copy of this InternetAddress object.
        Overrides:
        clone in class java.lang.Object
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.2

      • getType

        public java.lang.String getType()
        Return the type of this address. The type of an InternetAddress is "rfc822".
        Specified by:
        getType in class Address
        Returns:
        address type
        See Also:
        InternetAddress

      • setAddress

        public void setAddress​(java.lang.String address)
        Set the email address.
        Parameters:
        address - email address

      • setPersonal

        public void setPersonal​(java.lang.String name,
                        java.lang.String charset)
                 throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
        Set the personal name. If the name contains non US-ASCII characters, then the name will be encoded using the specified charset as per RFC 2047. If the name contains only US-ASCII characters, no encoding is done and the name is used as is.

        Parameters:
        name - personal name
        charset - MIME charset to be used to encode the name as per RFC 2047
        Throws:
        java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the charset encoding fails.
        See Also:
        setPersonal(String)

      • setPersonal

        public void setPersonal​(java.lang.String name)
                 throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
        Set the personal name. If the name contains non US-ASCII characters, then the name will be encoded using the platform's default charset. If the name contains only US-ASCII characters, no encoding is done and the name is used as is.

        Parameters:
        name - personal name
        Throws:
        java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException - if the charset encoding fails.
        See Also:
        setPersonal(String name, String charset)

      • getAddress

        public java.lang.String getAddress()
        Get the email address.
        Returns:
        email address

      • getPersonal

        public java.lang.String getPersonal()
        Get the personal name. If the name is encoded as per RFC 2047, it is decoded and converted into Unicode. If the decoding or conversion fails, the raw data is returned as is.
        Returns:
        personal name

      • toString

        public java.lang.String toString()
        Convert this address into a RFC 822 / RFC 2047 encoded address. The resulting string contains only US-ASCII characters, and hence is mail-safe.
        Specified by:
        toString in class Address
        Returns:
        possibly encoded address string

      • toUnicodeString

        public java.lang.String toUnicodeString()
        Returns a properly formatted address (RFC 822 syntax) of Unicode characters.
        Returns:
        Unicode address string
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.2

      • quotePhrase

        private static java.lang.String quotePhrase​(java.lang.String phrase)

      • unquote

        private static java.lang.String unquote​(java.lang.String s)

      • equals

        public boolean equals​(java.lang.Object a)
        The equality operator.
        Specified by:
        equals in class Address
        Parameters:
        a - Address object

      • hashCode

        public int hashCode()
        Compute a hash code for the address.
        Overrides:
        hashCode in class java.lang.Object

      • toString

        public static java.lang.String toString​(Address[] addresses)
        Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings. The resulting string contains only US-ASCII characters, and hence is mail-safe.

        Parameters:
        addresses - array of InternetAddress objects
        Returns:
        comma separated string of addresses
        Throws:
        java.lang.ClassCastException - if any address object in the given array is not an InternetAddress object. Note that this is a RuntimeException.

      • toUnicodeString

        public static java.lang.String toUnicodeString​(Address[] addresses)
        Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings. The resulting string contains Unicode characters.

        Parameters:
        addresses - array of InternetAddress objects
        Returns:
        comma separated string of addresses
        Throws:
        java.lang.ClassCastException - if any address object in the given array is not an InternetAddress object. Note that this is a RuntimeException.
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.6

      • toString

        public static java.lang.String toString​(Address[] addresses,
                                        int used)
        Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings. The resulting string contains only US-ASCII characters, and hence is mail-safe.

        The 'used' parameter specifies the number of character positions already taken up in the field into which the resulting address sequence string is to be inserted. It is used to determine the line-break positions in the resulting address sequence string.

        Parameters:
        addresses - array of InternetAddress objects
        used - number of character positions already used, in the field into which the address string is to be inserted.
        Returns:
        comma separated string of addresses
        Throws:
        java.lang.ClassCastException - if any address object in the given array is not an InternetAddress object. Note that this is a RuntimeException.

      • toUnicodeString

        public static java.lang.String toUnicodeString​(Address[] addresses,
                                               int used)
        Convert the given array of InternetAddress objects into a comma separated sequence of address strings. The resulting string contains Unicode characters.

        The 'used' parameter specifies the number of character positions already taken up in the field into which the resulting address sequence string is to be inserted. It is used to determine the line-break positions in the resulting address sequence string.

        Parameters:
        addresses - array of InternetAddress objects
        used - number of character positions already used, in the field into which the address string is to be inserted.
        Returns:
        comma separated string of addresses
        Throws:
        java.lang.ClassCastException - if any address object in the given array is not an InternetAddress object. Note that this is a RuntimeException.
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.6

      • lengthOfFirstSegment

        private static int lengthOfFirstSegment​(java.lang.String s)

      • lengthOfLastSegment

        private static int lengthOfLastSegment​(java.lang.String s,
                                       int used)

      • getLocalAddress

        public static InternetAddress getLocalAddress​(Session session)
        Return an InternetAddress object representing the current user. The entire email address may be specified in the "mail.from" property. If not set, the "mail.user" and "mail.host" properties are tried. If those are not set, the "user.name" property and InetAddress.getLocalHost method are tried. Security exceptions that may occur while accessing this information are ignored. If it is not possible to determine an email address, null is returned.
        Parameters:
        session - Session object used for property lookup
        Returns:
        current user's email address

      • _getLocalAddress

        static InternetAddress _getLocalAddress​(Session session)
                                 throws java.lang.SecurityException,
                                        AddressException,
                                        java.net.UnknownHostException
        A package-private version of getLocalAddress that doesn't swallow the exception. Used by MimeMessage.setFrom() to report the reason for the failure.
        Throws:
        java.lang.SecurityException
        AddressException
        java.net.UnknownHostException

      • getLocalHostName

        private static java.lang.String getLocalHostName()
                                          throws java.net.UnknownHostException
        Get the local host name from InetAddress and return it in a form suitable for use in an email address.
        Throws:
        java.net.UnknownHostException

      • isInetAddressLiteral

        private static boolean isInetAddressLiteral​(java.lang.String addr)
        Is the address an IPv4 or IPv6 address literal, which needs to be enclosed in "[]" in an email address? IPv4 literals contain decimal digits and dots, IPv6 literals contain hex digits, dots, and colons. We're lazy and don't check the exact syntax, just the allowed characters; strings that have only the allowed characters in a literal but don't meet the syntax requirements for a literal definitely can't be a host name and thus will fail later when used as an address literal.

      • parse

        public static InternetAddress[] parse​(java.lang.String addresslist)
                               throws AddressException
        Parse the given comma separated sequence of addresses into InternetAddress objects. Addresses must follow RFC822 syntax.
        Parameters:
        addresslist - comma separated address strings
        Returns:
        array of InternetAddress objects
        Throws:
        AddressException - if the parse failed

      • parse

        public static InternetAddress[] parse​(java.lang.String addresslist,
                                      boolean strict)
                               throws AddressException
        Parse the given sequence of addresses into InternetAddress objects. If strict is false, simple email addresses separated by spaces are also allowed. If strict is true, many (but not all) of the RFC822 syntax rules are enforced. In particular, even if strict is true, addresses composed of simple names (with no "@domain" part) are allowed. Such "illegal" addresses are not uncommon in real messages.

        Non-strict parsing is typically used when parsing a list of mail addresses entered by a human. Strict parsing is typically used when parsing address headers in mail messages.

        Parameters:
        addresslist - comma separated address strings
        strict - enforce RFC822 syntax
        Returns:
        array of InternetAddress objects
        Throws:
        AddressException - if the parse failed

      • parseHeader

        public static InternetAddress[] parseHeader​(java.lang.String addresslist,
                                            boolean strict)
                                     throws AddressException
        Parse the given sequence of addresses into InternetAddress objects. If strict is false, the full syntax rules for individual addresses are not enforced. If strict is true, many (but not all) of the RFC822 syntax rules are enforced.

        To better support the range of "invalid" addresses seen in real messages, this method enforces fewer syntax rules than the parse method when the strict flag is false and enforces more rules when the strict flag is true. If the strict flag is false and the parse is successful in separating out an email address or addresses, the syntax of the addresses themselves is not checked.

        Parameters:
        addresslist - comma separated address strings
        strict - enforce RFC822 syntax
        Returns:
        array of InternetAddress objects
        Throws:
        AddressException - if the parse failed
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.3

      • validate

        public void validate()
              throws AddressException
        Validate that this address conforms to the syntax rules of RFC 822. The current implementation checks many, but not all, syntax rules. Note that even though the syntax of the address may be correct, there's no guarantee that a mailbox of that name exists.
        Throws:
        AddressException - if the address isn't valid.
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.3

      • checkAddress

        private static void checkAddress​(java.lang.String addr,
                                 boolean routeAddr,
                                 boolean validate)
                          throws AddressException
        Check that the address is a valid "mailbox" per RFC822. (We also allow simple names.) XXX - much more to check XXX - doesn't handle domain-literals properly (but no one uses them)
        Throws:
        AddressException

      • isSimple

        private boolean isSimple()
        Is this a "simple" address? Simple addresses don't contain quotes or any RFC822 special characters other than '@' and '.'.

      • isGroup

        public boolean isGroup()
        Indicates whether this address is an RFC 822 group address. Note that a group address is different than the mailing list addresses supported by most mail servers. Group addresses are rarely used; see RFC 822 for details.
        Returns:
        true if this address represents a group
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.3

      • getGroup

        public InternetAddress[] getGroup​(boolean strict)
                           throws AddressException
        Return the members of a group address. A group may have zero, one, or more members. If this address is not a group, null is returned. The strict parameter controls whether the group list is parsed using strict RFC 822 rules or not. The parsing is done using the parseHeader method.
        Parameters:
        strict - use strict RFC 822 rules?
        Returns:
        array of InternetAddress objects, or null
        Throws:
        AddressException - if the group list can't be parsed
        Since:
        JavaMail 1.3

      • indexOfAny

        private static int indexOfAny​(java.lang.String s,
                              java.lang.String any)
        Return the first index of any of the characters in "any" in "s", or -1 if none are found. This should be a method on String.

      • indexOfAny

        private static int indexOfAny​(java.lang.String s,
                              java.lang.String any,
                              int start)